Florian Wolf

Hi, I am a PhD student in Applied and Computational Mathematics (ACM) at Caltech, working with Prof. Andrew Stuart and supported by the Kortschak Scholars Program Fellowship.

My research interests are centered around

  • Optimization and Reinforcement Learning
  • (Multimodal) Representation Learning
with applications in AI4Science, robotics and PDE-constrained optimization. Besides doing research, I am passionate about teaching in academia and at KI macht Schule to bring AI and Machine Learning fundamentals to high school.

Industry. At AWS, I was working with Prof. Michael Mahoney. Before joining Caltech, I was an intern at Amazon Robotics in the Vulcan Pick Team. Between Bachelor's and Master's, I was working at Mercedes-Benz.

Education. I hold Master's degrees in Mathematics and Computational Engineering from TU Darmstadt. For my thesis, I worked on Hidden Convex Optimization with Functional Constraints in the Optimization and Decision Intelligence Group at ETH Zürich, supervised by Prof. Niao He. During my studies, I was honored to be a fellow of the German Academic Scholarship Foundation ("Studienstiftung") as well as the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Automation.

Email  /  Scholar  /  Github  /  LinkedIn

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News:

Thesis / Project supervision:

If you're passionate about research and interested in working with me, I'm always happy to hear from motivated students. Please reach out with a summary of your research interests, along with your up-to-date CV and academic transcript.

Patents

  • Florian Wolf , Alexander Novy, Tim Harr “Contrast Analysis Dashboard for Automated Anomaly Analysis of Vehicles”, Mercedes-Benz Research and Development, Patent, 01/2023
  • Florian Wolf, Alexander Novy “Method for estimating energy consumption of electric vehicles and its use for determining a navigation route”, Mercedes-Benz Research and Development, Patent, 11/2022, public link

Publications and Preprints

Expressivity in Multimodal Contrastive Learning
Andrew Stuart, Florian Wolf
Submitted to Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR), Under Review, 08/2026

We develop a universal approximation theory for multimodal contrastive learning. While classical CLIP is universal for two modalities, pairwise extensions cannot capture general interactions among three or more modalities. We introduce Hadamard-CLIP, which restores joint universality while retaining precomputable embeddings and efficient retrieval.

Global Optimality for Constrained Exploration via Penalty Regularization
Florian Wolf, Ilyas Fathkullin, Niao He
Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 2026, 12/2026
European Workshop on Reinforcement Learning (EWRL) 2026, 10/2026 (oral paper)

While maximum-entropy exploration is central to RL, real-world applications are often hindered by safety constraints and a lack of additive structure. We propose Policy Gradient Penalty (PGP), a single-loop method that enforces general occupancy-measure constraints via quadratic penalty regularization. By leveraging hidden convexity, we provide the first global last-iterate convergence guarantees for this non-convex setting.

Global Solutions to Non-Convex Functional Constrained Problems with Hidden Convexity
Ilyas Fathkullin, Niao He, Guanghui (George) Lan, Florian Wolf
Submitted to Mathematical Programming (MP), Series A, Under Review, 11/2025
Workshop on Constrained Optimization for Machine Learning, Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 2025, 12/2025 (oral paper for best fundamental contribution)
Code: https://github.com/Flo-Wo/HiddenConvexityCode

First algorithms with provable global guarantees for constrained non-convex optimization via hidden convexity. Our methods bypass constraint qualifications, handle hidden convex equality constraints, and work directly with gradient oracles in the non-convex space. Applications include safe control and reinforcement learning, where we establish global optimality and oracle complexities matching unconstrained hidden convex optimization.

Interpretable and Efficient Data-driven Discovery and Control of Distributed Systems
Florian Wolf, Nicolò Botteghi, Urban Fasel, Andrea Manzoni
Data-Centric Engineering, Cambridge University Press, 11/2025
Code: https://github.com/Flo-Wo/AE-SINDy-C

AE+SINDy-C: a data-efficient, interpretable, and scalable Dyna-style Model-Based RL framework for PDE control, combining SINDy-C with autoencoders for dimensionality reduction. Applied to the 1D Burgers and 2D Navier-Stokes equations, the method enables fast rollouts, reduces environment interactions by up to 10x, and yields an interpretable latent dynamics model, outperforming a model-free baseline.

Spatio-temporal clustering of PM2.5 in northern Italy using a Bayesian model
Florian Wolf, Alessandro Carminati, Alessandra Guglielmi
Scientific Meeting of the Italian Statistical Society, 06/2024 (oral paper)

Bayesian spatio-temporal product partition model to cluster PM2.5 air quality data from multiple monitoring stations in Northern Italy, capturing both spatial and temporal patterns. The model outperforms a spatial-only baseline in predictive performance, offering smoother and more insightful pollution trend analysis.

Tracking Control for a Spherical Pendulum via Curriculum Reinforcement Learning
Pascal Klink, Florian Wolf, Kai Ploeger, Jan Peters, Joni Pajarinen
Submitted to Transactions on Robotics (T-RO), 09/2023
Website: https://sites.google.com/view/pendulumacrobatics/ip2-real-system

Automated curriculum generation with massively parallel RL learns a spherical pendulum tracking controller, leveraging the task's non-Euclidean structure for faster convergence, higher performance, and successful sim-to-real transfer.

Teaching

Activities as a Lecturer

Hochschule Biberach of Applied Sciences:
  • "How AI is Changing Our Industry and Technology - Fundamentals, Practical Applications, Ethics", Studium Generale (open to all departments)
    • Winter Term 2026/27
    • Summer Term 2026
    • Winter Term 2025/26
    • Summer Term 2025
    • Winter Term 2024/25
    • Summer Term 2024
  • "Data Analytics and Big Data", Summer Term 2023, Department of Business Management

Activities as a Teaching Assistant

California Institute of Technology:
  • "Linear Analysis with Applications", ACM107a, Fall Term 2026/27, Department of Computational and Mathematical Sciences, with Prof. Joel Tropp
Technical University of Darmstadt:
  • "Functional Analysis", Winter Term 2022/23, Department of Mathematics
University of Konstanz:
  • "Optimization 1", Summer Term 2021, Department of Mathematics and Statistics
  • "Numerical Mathematics", Winter Term 2020/21, Department of Mathematics and Statistics
  • "Analysis 1", Winter Term 2019/20, Department of Mathematics and Statistics
  • "LaTeX introduction course", Winter Term 2019/20, Department of Physics

The website is based on the code from Jon Barron